The development of the modern fungi industry is of great significance to ensuring food safety. As a nutritious, healthy and safe food, edible fungi not only enrich people’s dining tables, but also provide an important source of nutrients. Its “five non-competition” characteristics, such as not competing with grain for land, not competing with people for grain, and not competing with land for fertilizer, give edible fungi significant advantages in resource utilization and help optimize the agricultural production structure. At the same time, the development of the edible fungi industry also has ecological and emergency functions, which plays a positive role in protecting the ecological environment and responding to sudden food shortages. The recognition of the edible fungi industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations further emphasizes its important position in ensuring food safety. Therefore, the development of modern fungi industry is of great significance to improving food safety and protecting human health.