Oyster Mushroom Industry Model（4）

Raw material cultivation is a method of cultivating edible fungi using culture materials that have not been sterilized by any heat but are sterilized by mixing chemicals. The advantages of raw material cultivation are simple and easy operation, saving labor and time, less loss of nutrients in the culture material due to decomposition, and higher yield. The disadvantage is that it is not suitable for cultivation and use in high-temperature areas and high-temperature seasons. The larvae hatched from the eggs in the culture material eat the mycelium, which affects the yield. The freshness and type of the culture material are strictly required, and the moisture content in the material is strictly controlled when mixing. The requirements are strict, requiring a large amount of inoculation, and disinfectants must be mixed during culture.

1. Raw material bag cultivation process
Culture material selection →> Culture material preparation → Mixing → Bagging and inoculation → Germination period management → Fruiting period management → Harvesting → Tide period management.

2. Determination of cultivation season
Pleurotus ostreatus raw material cultivation should be carried out when the temperature is low and the relative air humidity is low. Because there are fewer pathogenic bacteria and pests in the environment at this time, the cultivation success rate is higher.

3. Selection of culture materials
There are not many types of raw materials suitable for the cultivation of oyster mushroom raw materials. The main materials include cottonseed shells and waste cotton, and the auxiliary materials include wheat bran, soybean meal, etc. Among them, cottonseed shells are generally made of middle shell and middle velvet. The raw materials used for cultivation are all fresh and mildew-free.
Commonly used recipes are as follows:
(1) Cotton seed hulls 60%, cotton waste 25%, wheat bran 8%, soybean meal 2%, gypsum powder 2%, lime 3%.
(2) Cottonseed hulls 85%, wheat bran 8%, soybean meal 2%, gypsum powder 2%, lime 3%.

4.Mixing
Prepare the raw materials according to the formula, then stir and spray water while mixing. When mixing raw materials for cultivation, the moisture content must be strictly controlled. Generally, the moisture content should not exceed 62%, and the pH should be 9~10. After stuffing it overnight, stir in the disinfectant, add an appropriate amount of water to dissolve, then add it by spraying, stirring while spraying.

5. Bagging and Inoculation
Raw material cultivation mushroom bags generally use polyethylene bags with specifications of (22~26)cm*(45~55)cm and thickness of 0.0025cm. Inoculation is mostly done in layers, with 3 layers of strain and 2 layers of material or 4 layers of strain and 3 layers of material.

When cultivating raw materials, bacteria must be grown at low temperatures and not at temperatures above 20°C. This will help prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.

When bacteria develop in raw materials, you should also pay attention to ventilation issues. With the rapid growth of mycelium, ventilation should be continuously strengthened and cultured under light-proof conditions.

Under the same environment, bacteria grown in raw materials cultivation bags are generally faster than clinker cultivation bags, especially at low temperatures. This is because the seeding amount is large during raw material cultivation, and the culture material can ferment and heat up. Therefore, in large-scale production, raw materials are used for cultivation in seasons with low temperatures, and clinker cultivation is used in seasons with high temperatures.